TRICKSPIRIT

(CHP: 11  NUMERICALS FROM PAST PAPERS)

1. A Carnot engine whose low temperature reservoir is 200K has an efficiency of 50%. It is desired to increase this to 75%. By how many degrees must the temperature of flow temperature reservoir be decreased if the temperature of the higher reservoir remains constant? (2012)

2. A 200gm piece of metal is heated to 150 C and then dropped into an aluminum calorimeter of mass 500gm, containing 500gm of water initially at 25 C. Find the final equilibrium temperature of the system if the specific heat of metal is 128.100 J/kg-K, specific heat of water is 4200 J/kg-K (2011)

3. A heat engine performing 400J of work in each cycle has an efficiency of 25%. How much heat is absorbed and rejected in each cycle.(2010)

4. A scientist stores 22 gm of a gas in a tank at 1200 atmospheres. Calculate the mass of the gas escaped. (2009)

5. In an isobaric process 2000 J of heat energy is supplied to a gas in a cylinder, the piston of area 2x10-2 m2 moves through 40cm under a pressure of 1.01 x105 N/m2. Calculate the increase in internal energy of the system. (2009)

6. A Carnot engine performs 2000 J of work and rejects 4000 J of heat to the sink. If the difference of
temperature b/w the source and the sink is 85 C, find the temperature of the source and the sink. (2008)

7. A steel bar is 10m in length and -2.5 C. What will be the change in its length when it is at 250 C. (α for the steel is 3.3x10-8 K-1).  (2008)

8. Calculate the density of hydrogen gas, considering it to be an ideal gas, when the root mean square velocity of hydrogen gas molecules is 1850 m/sec at 0 degree Celsius and 1 atm pressure. (2007)

9. A heat engine performs work at the rate of 500 kilowatt. The efficiency of the engine is 30%; calculate the loss per hr.(2007)

10. A Celsius thermometer in laboratory reads the surrounding temperature as 30 C, what is the temperature in Fahrenheit and absolute scale. (2006)

11. Find the change in volume of a brass sphere of 0.6 m diameter, when it is heated from 30 C to 100oC (α 19x10-6 K–1) (2006)

12. A 100 gm copper block is heated in boiling water for ten minutes and then it is dropped into 150 gm if water at 30 C in a 200 gm calorimeter. If the temperature of water is raised to 33.6 C, determine the specific heat of the material of calorimeter. (2005).

13. A brass ring of 20 cm diameter is to be mounted on a metal rod of 20.02 cm diameter at 20 C. To what temperature should the ring be heated? (2005)

14. Calculate the density of hydrogen gas, considering it to be an ideal gas, when the root mean square velocity of hydrogen molecules is 1850 ms-1 at 0 C and 1 atm pressure. (2004)

15. The low temperature reservoir of a Carnot engine is at -3 C and has an efficiency of 40%. It is derived to increase the efficiency to 50%. By how many degrees should the temperature of hot reservoir be increased? (2004)

16. 100 joules of heat energy are supplied to the system at constant pressure. The internal energy of the system is increased by 750 joules and the volume by 4.5 cm3; find the work done against the piston and the pressure on the piston (2003 pre-eng)

17. A Carnot engine has low temperature reservoir at 5 C has an efficiency of 40%. It is desired to increase this efficiency to 50% by what degree should the temperature for high temperature reservoir be increased? (2003 pre-eng, 2003 pre-med)

18. An air storage tank whose volume is 110 liters contains 2 kg of air pressure of 15 atmospheres. How much air would have to be forced into the tank to increase the pressure to 18 atm, assuming no change in temperature? (2003 pre-medical)

19. Find the root mean square velocity of a hydrogen molecule at 100 C. Take the mass of the hydrogen molecule 3.32x10-27 kg and k= 1.38x10-23 J/k (2002)

20. When 2000 J of heat is supplied to a gas in a cylinder at constant pressure of 1.01x105 N/m2, the piston of  the area of cross section 2x10-2 m2 moves through 0.5m. Calculate the work done and the increase in internal energy of the system (2002)

21. A heat engine performs 1000 J of work and at the same time rejects 4000 J of heat energy to the cold reservoir. What is the efficiency of the engine? If temperature difference between the sink and the source is 75 C. Find the temperature of its source. (2002 pre-eng)

22. A cylinder of diameter 1.00 cm at 30 C is to be slid into a hole in a steel plate. The hole has a diameter of 0.99970 cm3 at 30 C. To what temperature must be the plate heated? (2002 pre-eng)

23. If one mole of mono atomic gas is heated at constant pressure from -30 C to 20 C, find the change in its initial energy and the work done during the process. (2001)
Cp = 20.5 J/Mole K and Cv = 12.5 J/Mole K.

24. An ideal heat engine operates in Carnot cycle between the temperature 2007 C and 127 C and it absorbs 600 J of heat energy, find (1) Work done per cycle (2) Efficiency of the engine. (2001)

25. Calculate the volume occupied by a gram mole of a gas at 10 C and pressure of one atmosphere.(2000)

26. In isobaric process when 2000J of heat energy is supplied a gas in a cylinder the piston moves through 0.5m under a constant pressure of 1.01x105 N/m2. If the area of the piston is 2x10-2 m2 calculate the work done and increase in the internal energy of the system. (2000)

27. Find the efficiency of a Carnot Engine working between 100 C and 50 C. (1999)

28. Find the root mean square velocity of a hydrogen molecule at 7 C. Take the mass of a hydrogen molecule to be 3.32x10-27 kg and Boltzmann Constant=1.38x10-23 J/k. (1998)

29. 540 calories of heat is required to vaporize 1gm of water 100 C. Determine the entropy change involved in vaporizing 5gm of water. (One calorie=4.2J) (1998)

30. A glass flask is filled to the mark with 60 cm3 of mercury at 20 c. If flask and its contents are heated to 40 c, how much mercury will be above the mark? (β for glass =9x10-60C-1 and β for mercury= 182x10-6 C-1)

31. A Carnot engine whose low temperature reservoir is at 200K has an efficiency of 50%. It’s desired to increase this to 75%. By how many degrees must the temperature be decreased if higher temperature of the reservoir remains constant? (1997)

32. In an isobaric process when 2000J of heat energy is supplied to a gas cylinder the piston moves through 0.1m under a constant pressure of 1.01x105 N/m2. If the area of the piston is 5x10-2 m2. Calculate the work done and the increase in the internal energy of the system. (1996)

33. Find the root mean square speed of nitrogen molecule at 27 C. Given the mass of the nitrogen molecule to be 4.67x10-25 kg and k=1.38x10-23 J/K. (1996)

34. A meter bar is of steel is at 0 C and another at -2.5 C. What will be the difference between their lengths at 30 C? (1995)

35. A heat engine performs work at the rate of 500 KW. The efficiency of the engine is 30%. Calculate the loss of heat per hour. (1995)

36. 1200 J of heat energy are supplied to the system at constant pressure. The internal energy of the system is increase by 750J and the volume by 4.5 cubic meters; find the work done against piston and the pressure on the piston. (1994)

37. Two vessels of different materials are identical in size and in dimension. They are filled with equal quantity of
ice at 0 C. If ice in both vessels melts completely in 15 minutes and 10 minutes, compare the thermal
conductivity of the metals of both vessels. (1993)
38. One gram of a gas occupied a volume of 24.93 m3 at the pressure of 500 N/m2, find the temperature of the
gas in  C. Given R=8.313 J/mol.K (1991)
39. A cylinder contains an ideal gas below a frictionless piston fitted in it. If the gas in the cylinder is supplied 3000J of the heat and the piston rises by 0.35 m while the internal energy of the work done by the piston.(1991)

40. At the certain temperature the average kinetic energy of the hydrogen molecule is 3.1x10-21 J. if the mass of the hydrogen molecule is 3.1x10-27 kg, find (a) The temperature (b) r.m.s velocity of hydrogen molecule.Given Boltzmann constant= 1.38x10-23 J/K). (1990)

41. An iron ball has a diameter of 5cm and it is too large to pass through of a hole of 0.01mm in the brass plate when the ball and the plate are at the temperature of 30 C. At what temperature the same for the ball and plate, will the ball just pass through the hole?
(α = 1.2x 10-5 C-1 and α = 1.9x10-5 C-1). (1990)

42. Two rod of copper and brass having the same length and cross section are joined end to end. The free end of copper rod is kept at 10 C and the free end of Brass rod is kept at 100 C, calculate the temperature of the junction of the two rod at equilibrium. Assume the thermal conductivity of copper to be 3 times that of the Brass. Neglect heat losses. (1988)

43. The efficiency of the heat engine is 50% if the temperature of the cold reservoir is 300 K , find the temperature of the hot reservoir. (1987)

44. 10 kg of water falls through a distance of 854 m and all the energy effective in heating the water. To what temperature will the water be raised if it was initially at 20 C? Sp heat of water= 4200 J/C.Kg) (1986)

How To Study For Math Exam :

Have all memorizing done a couple of days before exam.

Inspiring Story Of Mustafa Ahmedzai :

• With food, clothing and housing, education has become the fourth basic necessity. Hence, it is important that all students make use of all the available forms of education systems. Procurement of education in the right way at the right time is what's important.

• Education holds prime importance for every country. Educated young guns are the future of the country. More educated the youth, more powerful the country.As a good luck Pakistan has strongest youth approximately more than 60% in Pakistan are youth.

• But unluckily the literacy rates in Pakistan education is very low due to the shortage of public educational institutes. We have only 73 public universities and most of the population study in these universities. Similarly, there is short number of public colleges where students can get free education. Our most of the students belong to the middle class and they have very limited resources. Parents can't afford easily the expenses of studying their children. Lots of students have to work part time to sponsor their studies themselves. In students life nearly every student usually face financial crisis. 

• Many students are fascinated with the idea of studying abroad for the different education and universities options that are offered to them, out there. But they have stronger reasons for pursuing their study in Pakistan, which holds them back here. One of the main reason is again the financial barriers.

• Similarly Muhammad Mustafa Ahmedzai who belonged to a middle class family and started working for Rs.500 per month at a flower shop after school at the age of just 8 years. In 2000 his family moved to Karachi in search of good future. 

• After Completed his high school in 2006 he started applying abroad for higher studies in 2007. Half of its classmates received scholarships in MIT, Harvard, YALE and Standford but despite being brilliant in studies he didn’t receive any scholarship.His parents were weak financially but to live up his higher studies dream, he applied to a community college in New York. Things were going great but due to poor economic conditions he didn’t qualified for an US VISA.

• He was very dissappointed.He lost hope in life.He was in depression for about a year but this one year of at home introduced him to blogspot.He setup his  first blogspot blog for his school mates.In 2008 he got admission in NED University and also started blogging. In the beginning he had only few daily visitors and earning was only $1 per month with Google AdSense. And now he is living a lavish life due to his online business.

• He is a successful blogger, an SEO expert and a skilled web developer. He started his blogging career in 2008 and now running many websites under "MyBloggerTricks.com" "STCNetwork.org" "UCut.It" etc. He is also providing his web services to customers around the world.His STC Network is Pakistan's first registered blogging company which pays regular income tax to the government. He has established an office in Karachi for his online business.

• I know whenever you search for anything like bloggers problem i ll guarantee that you visit his blog and your problem solved very Easily.

• Finally he is inspiring for me and a sign of hope for me and many young Pakistanis. He has conducted many seminars in various universities and colleges to motivate students to work online. Many have learned earning online through his blogs.

• I also want to get success not same as like him because I am not eligible but want to do something in my life like him. May god bless him and give more & more success in his life. (Ameen)

1) Visualization

2) Rote Memorization

3) Interlinking

4) Metaphor

5) Diagram

6) Fluid Notes

7) Acronyms

8) Link Method

9) Peg Method

10) Retracing

11) Zoom and Check

12) Self-Test

13) Anthropomorphize

14) Visceralize

15) Leverage Previous Understandings

16) Gap Avoidance

17) Brainstorming

18) Mindstorming

19) Relationship Diagrams

20) Give it a Hand

21) Imaginary Room Method

22) Make it Interesting

23) Teach It

24) The Kindergarten Rule

25) Song or Story

26) Chunking

27) Watch the Recorder

28) Learn it Once

29) Define Quality Information

30) Cram

31) Immersion

32) Learn as You Need It

33) Pop Quiz

34) Give it Form

35) Sleep on It

36) Complete Focus

37) Ask Why

38) Find Your Peak Mental Hours

39) Exercise

40) Burn Off Stress

41) Create

42) Get a Tutor

43) Know Thy Weaknesses

44) Post It’s

45) Organize

46) Create a Learning Ritual

47) Performance Flow

48) Eat Light

49) Write it Down

50) Grades are Just Letters

	CPEC - (China Pakistan Economic Corridor)
	CPEC (China Pakistan Economic Corridor) is an economic corridor between China and Pakistan. At Present, that corridor is an under construction which estimated cost above 54 billion dollars. The aims of this project to connect Gwadar Port in Southwestern Pakistan with Xinjiang in far -Western China. The Project including various infrastructure in terms of energy projects, motorways, Highways and Railways to be built, in order to link Gwadar and karachi with the chinese region.
	The Vision and Mission of CPEC is To improve the lives of people of Pakistan and China by building an economic corridor promoting bilateral connectivity, construction, explore potential bilateral investment, economic and trade, logistics and people to people contact for regional connectivity & It includes:
	1) Integrated Transport & IT systems including Road, Rail, Port, Air and Data Communication Channel
	2) Energy cooperation
	3) Spatial layout, functional zones, industries and industrial parks
	4) Agricultural development & poverty alleviation
	5) Tourism cooperation & people to people communication
	6) Cooperation in livelihood areas
	7) Financial cooperation
	8) Human Resource Development
	The Current form of the project was first proposed by General Perves Musharaf, however it was postponed owing to the political instability in the country.The ex-government of the Pakistan Peoples Party proposed it again when President Asif Ali Zardari invited heads of all the political parties to a Luncheon in honour of the Chinese Premier Li Keqiang at the Aiwan-e-Sadr on 22 May 2013. In February 2014, Pakistani President Mamnoon Hussain visited China to discuss the plans for an economic corridor in Pakistan. Two months later, Pakistan Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif met with Premier Li Kequiang in China to discuss further plans,resulting in the full scope of the project to be devised under Sharif's tenure. In November 2014, Chinese government announced its intention to finance Chinese companies as part of its $45.6 billion energy and infrastructure.
	Under the CPEC Project, major upgrades are sanctioned to Pakistan & transportation network. Comprise reconstruction and upgrade works on National Highway 35 which forms the Pakistani portion of the Karakoram Highway that spans the 887 Km long.
	The Shanghai Electric company of China will construct two 660MW power plants as part of the "Thar-I" project in the Thar coalfield of Sindh Province, while "Thar-ll" will be developed by a separate consortium. The facility will be powered by locally sourced coal, and is expected to be put into commercial use in 2018. Pakistan's National Electric Power Regulatory Authority (NEPRA) has agreed to purchase electricity from both Thar-l and Thar-ll at a tariff of 8.50 US cents/kWh for the first 330 MW of electricity, 8.33 US cents/kWh for the next 660 MW, and 7.99 US cents/kWh for the next 1,099 MW as further phases are developed.
	Liquefied natural gas power LNG projects are also considered vital to CPEC. The Chinese government has announced its intention to build a $2.5 billion 711 kilometre long liquid natural gas pipeline from Gwadar to Nawabshah in province as part of CPEC.The project will not only provide gas exporters with access to the Pakistani market, but will also allow China to secure a route for its own imports.
	Pakistan Navy and Chinese Navy ships are to jointly guard the safety and security of the CPEC Project, as Pakistan seeks to expand the role of its maritime forces. From December 2016, Pakistan's Navy established a special taskforce "TF-88" to ensure there is maritime security for corridor.
	CPEC is considered economically vital to Pakistan in helping it drive economic growth. The Pakistani media and government have called CPEC investments a "game and fate changer" for the region, which would be one of the largest ever sums of foreign direct investment into Pakistan. As a result of improved infrastructure and energy supplies, the Pakistani government expects that economic growth rates will reach 7% by 2018. China Pakistan Economic Corridor is hope of better region of the future with peace, development and growth of economy.